CITY GREEN ISSUE 4

I almost forgot to post about this local magazine from NParks' CUGE (Center for Urban Greenery and Ecology) issue 4 with an emphasis on biodiversity in the urban landscape. There was a wide coverage on a series of fauna, including dragonflies, birds, butterflies and fireflies.

EPIPHYTES

I attended a talk this afternoon on the subject epiphytes and was inspired to blog about it. The speaker Harry E. Luther, Asst Director (Research) of the Gardens by the Bay and author of the book Native Bromeliads of Florida shared with the audience the vast diversity of epiphytes in the tropics. In simple terms, an epiphyte refers to a plant that grows on another plant for physical support, which is in contrast to parasitic plants that grow likewise but rely on their host plants for nutrition. Some examples of epiphytes include many orchids, some ferns, bromeliads, gesneriads, Hoya and so on.


I am amazed by his wealth of knowledge and experience and was in awe of the beautiful photos he took over the years and showed on the screen for our viewing. It came as no surprise that he featured a lot of bromeliads, known as broms in short, especially since he is a well-known authority on this plant group in the botanical community. Midway through the talk, I realized I didn't take any notes and decided to record some pointers for my own noting. They are briefly as follows:

• Hemi-epiphyte - I mentioned this term before in some of my posts and refers to plants e.g. strangling figs, that begin its life as an epiphyte by growing on another plant such as a tree and which eventually sends its roots down to the ground and grow into a self-supporting plant on its own.
• Tank bromeliad - This refers to the group of bromeliads e.g. Neoregelia species, with broad leaf bases that overlap each other in a rosette to form a central reservoir, sometimes referred to as an urn or a cup, that functions as a receptacle that collects water, leaf-litter, decaying animals etc. These broms are often excellent biodiversity multipliers.
• Bodiversity multiplier - This is the first time I heard this term. The tank broms are regarded as such because their central reservoir of water is an ecosystem on its own and supports a multitude of living organisms up the food chain and web, from the microscopic bacteria and protozoan to the worms, insects, crustaceans, frogs, birds, snakes and so on.
• Pteridophyte - This refers to a specific group of vascular plants that do not produce flowers or seeds. These plants are very specialized and reproduce themselves via spores. Ferns and mosses belong to this group. Some common examples of pteridophytic epiphytes include the Bird Nest Fern, Stag Horn Fern.
• Broms with large inflorescence of warm coloured flowers - The pollinators of these broms with red and orange-coloured flowers are usually small birds e.g. hummingbirds, sunbirds, which are attracted by the showy colours to visit the flowers for their nectar.
• Aeschynanthus is from the Old World and Columnea is from the New World - I have always wonder how we can distinguish between the two easily and today I was rewarded as an attentive listener! It is the first time that I realized that they come from two different worlds. The latter is bird pollinated and its flowers are two-lipped as in typical hummingbird or sunbird pollinated flowers.
• Medinilla magnifica - I was reminded of this beautiful epiphyte that is often planted as a ground shrub instead. I first saw photos of it as an epiphyte in the book Tropical Garden Plants and wanted to try planting it on tree forks for years but never got to actually do it. I feel very tempted to try it now.
• Broms evolution - Broms are finely attuned to its habitat, which strongly influences its morphological evolution into many different forms e.g. narrow leaves, broad leaves.

Photo taken from website http://mounttotumas.com/wordpress/?p=172     

EARTH & BIODIVERSITY

I was reminded that yesterday (5 Jun) was World Environment Day. In fact, 2010 is the International Year of Biodiversity (IYB) as declared by the UN. Separately, Gaia is a greek mythological goddess of earth and is often linked to Mother Nature.

This is not the first year for the campaign "Saving Gaia" but 2010 marks the first International Year of Biodiversity held here in Singapore. Both events address issues of worldwide environmental destruction, habitat degradation and biodiversity loss, raising awareness and conservation of remaining flora and fauna etc before it is too late.

I don't particularly identify with this Saving Gaia logo and the female sign was used to represent "mother" nature. Yes, it's time mankind do something constructive to save the earth before everything crumbles. Besides the government, the collective efforts of every individual is necessary to save what's left of our natural environment and protect it from further deterioration. But I agree it's easier said than done.

I am providing a link to a 10 mins video on the GBO-3 (Global Biodiversity Outlook third edition) that was recently broadcasted to our staff. It provides a glimpse of the rich biodiversity of flora and fauna on earth and how rapidly they are vanishing. A grim picture was painted to remind us that if we don't step in fast enough and if there are no significant improvements in the next few decades, the future of earth is doomed and bleak.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGMkW_vo5GU

Frankly, I am not confident that mankind would pull through this at the rate things are going. Humans in general are often too conceited and selfish and believe they own everything they can see, hear or touch etc, including the earth. But if you think you can prove me wrong or feel you can make a difference to save the earth, then please do what you can within your limits to save what's left for our future generations to come.